"flum" meaning in Middle English

See flum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈflum/, /ˈflim/, /ˈfliu̯m/, /ˈflyːm/ [Northern] Forms: flumes [plural], flim [alternative], flom [alternative], flomme [alternative], floum [alternative], flowm [alternative], flym [alternative], flumm [alternative, Ormulum]
Etymology: An early borrowing from Old French flum, from Latin flūmen. Etymology templates: {{etymon|enm|:bor|fro:flum}} [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "gloss" : "to flow", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_uncertain" : true, "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "overflow", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "blow", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*bʰel-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*bʰlewH-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*bʰluH-yé-ti", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "fluō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suffix", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-mn̥", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-mn̥", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-men", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la", "pos" : "noun-forming suffix" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "flūmen", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "flum", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "flum", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "enm" }" data-lang="enm" data-title="flum">, {{glossary|borrowing}} borrowing, {{bor|enm|fro|flum}} Old French flum, {{der|enm|la|flūmen}} Latin flūmen Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} flum, {{enm-noun|flumes}} flum (plural flumes)
  1. A river or watercourse.
    Sense id: en-flum-enm-noun-AmZvHxy0
  2. (by extension, rare) Any gathering of water. Tags: broadly, rare
    Sense id: en-flum-enm-noun-wDuoWdEY Categories (other): Middle English entries with etymon, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 8 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with etymon, Water Disambiguation of Middle English entries with etymon: 12 88 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 8 92 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 14 86 Disambiguation of Pages with 8 entries: 14 86 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 7 93 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 10 90 Disambiguation of Water: 13 87

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "flume"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "flum"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "flume"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "fro:flum"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to flow\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"overflow\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"blow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰlewH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰluH-yé-ti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fluō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mn̥\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-mn̥\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-men\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"noun-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"flūmen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"flum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"flum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"flum\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "borrowing"
      },
      "expansion": "borrowing",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "flum"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French flum",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "flūmen"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin flūmen",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "An early borrowing from Old French flum, from Latin flūmen.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "flumes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "flim",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "flom",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "flomme",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "floum",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "flowm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "flym",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "flumm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "flum",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "flumes"
      },
      "expansion": "flum (plural flumes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A river or watercourse."
      ],
      "id": "en-flum-enm-noun-AmZvHxy0",
      "links": [
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ],
        [
          "watercourse",
          "watercourse"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 88",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 92",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 8 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 93",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 90",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Water",
          "orig": "enm:Water",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any gathering of water."
      ],
      "id": "en-flum-enm-noun-wDuoWdEY",
      "links": [
        [
          "gathering",
          "gathering"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension, rare) Any gathering of water."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈflum/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈflim/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfliu̯m/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈflyːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "flum"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with etymon",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰel- (blow)",
    "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰlewH-",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "enm:Water"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "flume"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "flum"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "flume"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "fro:flum"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to flow\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"overflow\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"blow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰlewH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰluH-yé-ti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fluō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mn̥\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-mn̥\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-men\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"noun-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"flūmen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"flum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"flum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"flum\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "borrowing"
      },
      "expansion": "borrowing",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "flum"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French flum",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "flūmen"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin flūmen",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "An early borrowing from Old French flum, from Latin flūmen.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "flumes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "flim",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "flom",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "flomme",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "floum",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "flowm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "flym",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "flumm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "flum",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "flumes"
      },
      "expansion": "flum (plural flumes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A river or watercourse."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ],
        [
          "watercourse",
          "watercourse"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any gathering of water."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gathering",
          "gathering"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension, rare) Any gathering of water."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈflum/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈflim/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfliu̯m/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈflyːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "flum"
}

Download raw JSONL data for flum meaning in Middle English (4.6kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (b70b34c and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.